Fixes uri, uri-reference, iri, iri-reference formats and does iri to uri conversion (#983)

* Fix uri format and uri-reference format

* Fix iri format and iri-reference format

* Convert iri to uri

12 files changed, 702 insertions, 4 deletions

diff --git a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriFormat.java b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriFormat.java
index ff24779..150741d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriFormat.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriFormat.java
@@ -16,6 +16,14 @@ public class IriFormat extends AbstractRFC3986Format {
                     return false;
                 }
             }
+
+            String query = uri.getQuery();
+            if (query != null) {
+                // [ and ] must be percent encoded
+                if (query.indexOf('[') != -1 || query.indexOf(']') != -1) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
         }
         return result;
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriReferenceFormat.java b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriReferenceFormat.java
index 4a0cf0e..45f8bd9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriReferenceFormat.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriReferenceFormat.java
@@ -8,6 +8,19 @@ import java.net.URI;
 public class IriReferenceFormat extends AbstractRFC3986Format {
     @Override
     protected boolean validate(URI uri) {
+        String authority = uri.getAuthority();
+        if (authority != null) {
+            if (IPv6Format.PATTERN.matcher(authority).matches() ) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        String query = uri.getQuery();
+        if (query != null) {
+            // [ and ] must be percent encoded
+            if (query.indexOf('[') != -1 || query.indexOf(']') != -1) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
         return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriFormat.java b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriFormat.java
index 50fc911..81d9034 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriFormat.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriFormat.java
@@ -8,7 +8,21 @@ import java.net.URI;
 public class UriFormat extends AbstractRFC3986Format {
     @Override
     protected boolean validate(URI uri) {
-        return uri.isAbsolute();
+        boolean result = uri.isAbsolute();
+        if (result) {
+            // Java URI accepts non ASCII characters and this is not a valid in RFC3986
+            result = uri.toString().codePoints().allMatch(ch -> ch < 0x7F);
+            if (result) {
+                String query = uri.getQuery();
+                if (query != null) {
+                    // [ and ] must be percent encoded
+                    if (query.indexOf('[') != -1 || query.indexOf(']') != -1) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriReferenceFormat.java b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriReferenceFormat.java
index 943afaf..d48650f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriReferenceFormat.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriReferenceFormat.java
@@ -8,7 +8,18 @@ import java.net.URI;
 public class UriReferenceFormat extends AbstractRFC3986Format {
     @Override
     protected boolean validate(URI uri) {
-        return true;
+        // Java URI accepts non ASCII characters and this is not a valid in RFC3986
+        boolean result = uri.toString().codePoints().allMatch(ch -> ch < 0x7F);
+        if (result) {
+            String query = uri.getQuery();
+            if (query != null) {
+                // [ and ] must be percent encoded
+                if (query.indexOf('[') != -1 || query.indexOf(']') != -1) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/resource/UriSchemaLoader.java b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/resource/UriSchemaLoader.java
index 671c086..0825353 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/resource/UriSchemaLoader.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/resource/UriSchemaLoader.java
@@ -18,11 +18,13 @@ package com.networknt.schema.resource;
 import java.io.IOException;

 import java.io.InputStream;

 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

+import java.net.MalformedURLException;

 import java.net.URI;

 import java.net.URL;

 import java.net.URLConnection;

 

 import com.networknt.schema.AbsoluteIri;

+import com.networknt.schema.utils.AbsoluteIris;

 

 /**

  * Loads from uri.

@@ -30,13 +32,43 @@ import com.networknt.schema.AbsoluteIri;
 public class UriSchemaLoader implements SchemaLoader {

     @Override

     public InputStreamSource getSchema(AbsoluteIri absoluteIri) {

-        URI uri = URI.create(absoluteIri.toString());

+        URI uri = toURI(absoluteIri);

+        URL url = toURL(uri);

         return () -> {

-            URLConnection conn = uri.toURL().openConnection();

+            URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();

             return this.openConnectionCheckRedirects(conn);

         };

     }

 

+    /**

+     * Converts an AbsoluteIRI to a URI.

+     * <p>

+     * Internationalized domain names will be converted using java.net.IDN.toASCII.

+     * 

+     * @param absoluteIri the absolute IRI

+     * @return the URI

+     */

+    protected URI toURI(AbsoluteIri absoluteIri) {

+        return URI.create(AbsoluteIris.toUri(absoluteIri));

+    }

+

+    /**

+     * Converts a URI to a URL.

+     * <p>

+     * This will throw if the URI is not a valid URL. For instance if the URI is not

+     * absolute.

+     * 

+     * @param uri the URL

+     * @return the URL

+     */

+    protected URL toURL(URI uri) {

+        try {

+            return uri.toURL();

+        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {

+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);

+        }

+    }

+

     // https://www.cs.mun.ca/java-api-1.5/guide/deployment/deployment-guide/upgrade-guide/article-17.html

     protected InputStream openConnectionCheckRedirects(URLConnection c) throws IOException {

         boolean redir;

diff --git a/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/utils/AbsoluteIris.java b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/utils/AbsoluteIris.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c06afc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/networknt/schema/utils/AbsoluteIris.java
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*

+ * Copyright (c) 2024 the original author or authors.

+ *

+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at

+ *

+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+ *

+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

+ * limitations under the License.

+ */

+package com.networknt.schema.utils;

+

+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

+import java.net.IDN;

+import java.net.URI;

+import java.net.URLEncoder;

+

+import com.networknt.schema.AbsoluteIri;

+

+/**

+ * Utility functions for AbsoluteIri.

+ */

+public class AbsoluteIris {

+    /**

+     * Converts an IRI to a URI.

+     * 

+     * @param iri the IRI to convert

+     * @return the URI string

+     */

+    public static String toUri(AbsoluteIri iri) {

+        String iriString = iri.toString();

+        boolean ascii = isAscii(iriString);

+        if (ascii) {

+            int index = iriString.indexOf('?');

+            if (index == -1) {

+                return iriString;

+            }

+            String rest = iriString.substring(0, index + 1);

+            String query = iriString.substring(index + 1);

+            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(rest);

+            handleQuery(result, query);

+            return result.toString();

+        }

+        String[] parts = iriString.split(":"); // scheme + rest

+        if (parts.length == 2) {

+            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(parts[0]);

+            result.append(":");

+

+            String rest = parts[1];

+            if (rest.startsWith("//")) {

+                rest = rest.substring(2);

+                result.append("//");

+            } else if (rest.startsWith("/")) {

+                rest = rest.substring(1);

+                result.append("/");

+            }

+            String[] query = rest.split("\\?"); // rest ? query

+            String[] restParts = query[0].split("/");

+            for (int x = 0; x < restParts.length; x++) {

+                String p = restParts[x];

+                if (x == 0) {

+                    // Domain

+                    if (isAscii(p)) {

+                        result.append(p);

+                    } else {

+                        result.append(unicodeToASCII(p));

+                    }

+                } else {

+                    result.append(p);

+                }

+                if (x != restParts.length - 1) {

+                    result.append("/");

+                }

+            }

+            if (query[0].endsWith("/")) {

+                result.append("/");

+            }

+            if (query.length == 2) {

+                // handle query string

+                result.append("?");

+                handleQuery(result, query[1]);

+            }

+

+            return URI.create(result.toString()).toASCIIString();

+        }

+        return iriString;

+    }

+

+    /**

+     * Determine if a string is US ASCII.

+     * 

+     * @param value to test

+     * @return true if ASCII

+     */

+    static boolean isAscii(String value) {

+        return value.codePoints().allMatch(ch -> ch < 0x7F);

+    }

+

+    /**

+     * Ensures that the query parameters are properly URL encoded.

+     * 

+     * @param result the string builder to add to

+     * @param query the query string

+     */

+    static void handleQuery(StringBuilder result, String query) {

+        String[] queryParts = query.split("&");

+        for (int y = 0; y < queryParts.length; y++) {

+            String queryPart = queryParts[y];

+

+            String[] nameValue = queryPart.split("=");

+            try {

+                result.append(URLEncoder.encode(nameValue[0], "UTF-8"));

+                if (nameValue.length == 2) {

+                    result.append("=");

+                    result.append(URLEncoder.encode(nameValue[1], "UTF-8"));

+                }

+            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);

+            }

+            if (y != queryParts.length - 1) {

+                result.append("&");

+            }

+        }

+    }

+

+    // The following routines are from apache commons validator routines

+    // DomainValidator

+    static String unicodeToASCII(final String input) {

+        try {

+            final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);

+            if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {

+                return ascii;

+            }

+            final int length = input.length();

+            if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character

+                return input;

+            }

+            // RFC3490 3.1. 1)

+            // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following

+            // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002

+            // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61

+            // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).

+            final char lastChar = input.charAt(length - 1);// fetch original last char

+            switch (lastChar) {

+            case '\u002E': // "." full stop

+            case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop

+            case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop

+            case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop

+                return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop

+            default:

+                return ascii;

+            }

+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid

+            return input;

+        }

+    }

+

+    private static class IDNBUGHOLDER {

+        private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();

+

+        private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {

+            final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name

+            return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));

+        }

+    }

+

+}

diff --git a/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriFormatTest.java b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8655bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*

+ * Copyright (c) 2024 the original author or authors.

+ *

+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at

+ *

+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+ *

+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

+ * limitations under the License.

+ */

+package com.networknt.schema.format;

+

+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

+

+import java.util.Set;

+

+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

+

+import com.networknt.schema.InputFormat;

+import com.networknt.schema.JsonSchema;

+import com.networknt.schema.JsonSchemaFactory;

+import com.networknt.schema.SchemaValidatorsConfig;

+import com.networknt.schema.SpecVersion.VersionFlag;

+import com.networknt.schema.ValidationMessage;

+

+class IriFormatTest {

+    @Test

+    void uriShouldPass() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"iri\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/product.pdf\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertTrue(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void queryWithBracketsShouldFail() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"iri\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/product.pdf?filter[test]=1\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertFalse(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+    

+    @Test

+    void iriShouldPass() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"iri\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/produktdatenblätter.pdf\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertTrue(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+

+}

diff --git a/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriReferenceFormatTest.java b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriReferenceFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bbaeda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/IriReferenceFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*

+ * Copyright (c) 2024 the original author or authors.

+ *

+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at

+ *

+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+ *

+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

+ * limitations under the License.

+ */

+package com.networknt.schema.format;

+

+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

+

+import java.util.Set;

+

+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

+

+import com.networknt.schema.InputFormat;

+import com.networknt.schema.JsonSchema;

+import com.networknt.schema.JsonSchemaFactory;

+import com.networknt.schema.SchemaValidatorsConfig;

+import com.networknt.schema.SpecVersion.VersionFlag;

+import com.networknt.schema.ValidationMessage;

+

+class IriReferenceFormatTest {

+    @Test

+    void uriShouldPass() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"iri-reference\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/product.pdf\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertTrue(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void queryWithBracketsShouldFail() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"iri-reference\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/product.pdf?filter[test]=1\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertFalse(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void iriShouldPass() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"iri-reference\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/produktdatenblätter.pdf\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertTrue(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+

+}

diff --git a/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriFormatTest.java b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52a850e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*

+ * Copyright (c) 2024 the original author or authors.

+ *

+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at

+ *

+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+ *

+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

+ * limitations under the License.

+ */

+package com.networknt.schema.format;

+

+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

+

+import java.util.Set;

+

+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

+

+import com.networknt.schema.InputFormat;

+import com.networknt.schema.JsonSchema;

+import com.networknt.schema.JsonSchemaFactory;

+import com.networknt.schema.SchemaValidatorsConfig;

+import com.networknt.schema.SpecVersion.VersionFlag;

+import com.networknt.schema.ValidationMessage;

+

+class UriFormatTest {

+    @Test

+    void uriShouldPass() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"uri\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/product.pdf\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertTrue(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void queryWithBracketsShouldFail() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"uri\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/product.pdf?filter[test]=1\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertFalse(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+    

+    @Test

+    void iriShouldFail() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"uri\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/produktdatenblätter.pdf\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertFalse(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+

+}

diff --git a/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriReferenceFormatTest.java b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriReferenceFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..787ba65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/format/UriReferenceFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*

+ * Copyright (c) 2024 the original author or authors.

+ *

+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at

+ *

+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+ *

+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

+ * limitations under the License.

+ */

+package com.networknt.schema.format;

+

+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

+

+import java.util.Set;

+

+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

+

+import com.networknt.schema.InputFormat;

+import com.networknt.schema.JsonSchema;

+import com.networknt.schema.JsonSchemaFactory;

+import com.networknt.schema.SchemaValidatorsConfig;

+import com.networknt.schema.SpecVersion.VersionFlag;

+import com.networknt.schema.ValidationMessage;

+

+class UriReferenceFormatTest {

+    @Test

+    void uriShouldPass() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"uri-reference\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/product.pdf\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertTrue(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void queryWithBracketsShouldFail() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"uri-reference\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/product.pdf?filter[test]=1\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertFalse(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void iriShouldFail() {

+        String schemaData = "{\r\n"

+                + "  \"format\": \"uri-reference\"\r\n"

+                + "}";

+        

+        SchemaValidatorsConfig config = new SchemaValidatorsConfig();

+        config.setFormatAssertionsEnabled(true);

+        JsonSchema schema = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(VersionFlag.V202012).getSchema(schemaData, config);

+        Set<ValidationMessage> messages = schema.validate("\"https://test.com/assets/produktdatenblätter.pdf\"",

+                InputFormat.JSON);

+        assertFalse(messages.isEmpty());

+    }

+

+}

diff --git a/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/resource/UriSchemaLoaderTest.java b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/resource/UriSchemaLoaderTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc3e3f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/resource/UriSchemaLoaderTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*

+ * Copyright (c) 2024 the original author or authors.

+ *

+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at

+ *

+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+ *

+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

+ * limitations under the License.

+ */

+package com.networknt.schema.resource;

+

+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;

+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;

+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

+

+import java.io.BufferedReader;

+import java.io.IOException;

+import java.io.InputStream;

+import java.io.InputStreamReader;

+import java.util.stream.Collectors;

+

+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;

+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

+

+import com.networknt.schema.AbsoluteIri;

+

+/**

+ * Tests for URI schema Loader.

+ */

+class UriSchemaLoaderTest {

+    /**

+     * This test should only be run manually so as not to always hit the remote

+     * server.

+     * 

+     * @throws IOException the exception

+     */

+    @Test

+    @Disabled("manual")

+    void shouldLoadAbsoluteIri() throws IOException {

+        UriSchemaLoader schemaLoader = new UriSchemaLoader();

+        InputStreamSource inputStreamSource = schemaLoader.getSchema(AbsoluteIri.of("https://私の団体も.jp/"));

+        try (InputStream inputStream = inputStreamSource.getInputStream()) {

+            String result = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)).lines()

+                    .collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));

+            assertNotNull(result);

+        }

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void shouldNotThrowAbsoluteIri() throws IOException {

+        UriSchemaLoader schemaLoader = new UriSchemaLoader();

+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> schemaLoader.getSchema(AbsoluteIri.of("https://私の団体も.jp/")));

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void shouldThrowRelativeIri() throws IOException {

+        UriSchemaLoader schemaLoader = new UriSchemaLoader();

+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> schemaLoader.getSchema(AbsoluteIri.of("私の団体も.jp/")));

+    }

+}

diff --git a/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/utils/AbsoluteIrisTest.java b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/utils/AbsoluteIrisTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..088fa87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/networknt/schema/utils/AbsoluteIrisTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*

+ * Copyright (c) 2024 the original author or authors.

+ *

+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at

+ *

+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

+ *

+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

+ * limitations under the License.

+ */

+package com.networknt.schema.utils;

+

+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

+

+import java.net.MalformedURLException;

+import java.net.URI;

+import java.net.URL;

+

+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

+

+import com.networknt.schema.AbsoluteIri;

+

+/**

+ * Tests for AbsoluteIris.

+ */

+class AbsoluteIrisTest {

+    @Test

+    void uri() {

+        String result = AbsoluteIris.toUri(AbsoluteIri.of("https://www.example.org/test"));

+        assertEquals("https://www.example.org/test", result);

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void uriWithQueryString() {

+        String result = AbsoluteIris.toUri(AbsoluteIri.of("https://www.example.org/test/?filter[test]=hello"));

+        assertEquals("https://www.example.org/test/?filter%5Btest%5D=hello", result);

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void iriDomain() {

+        String result = AbsoluteIris.toUri(AbsoluteIri.of("https://Bücher.example"));

+        assertEquals("https://xn--bcher-kva.example", result);

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void iriDomainWithPath() {

+        String result = AbsoluteIris.toUri(AbsoluteIri.of("https://Bücher.example/assets/produktdatenblätter.pdf"));

+        result = URI.create(result).toASCIIString();

+        assertEquals("https://xn--bcher-kva.example/assets/produktdatenbl%C3%A4tter.pdf", result);

+    }

+    

+    @Test

+    void uriDomainWithPath() {

+        String result = AbsoluteIris.toUri(AbsoluteIri.of("https://www.example.org/assets/produktdatenblätter.pdf"));

+        result = URI.create(result).toASCIIString();

+        assertEquals("https://www.example.org/assets/produktdatenbl%C3%A4tter.pdf", result);

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void iriDomainWithPathTrailingSlash() {

+        String result = AbsoluteIris.toUri(AbsoluteIri.of("https://Bücher.example/assets/produktdatenblätter/"));

+        assertEquals("https://xn--bcher-kva.example/assets/produktdatenbl%C3%A4tter/", result);

+    }

+

+    @Test

+    void iriDomainWithQueryString() throws MalformedURLException {

+        String result = AbsoluteIris.toUri(AbsoluteIri.of("https://Bücher.example/assets/produktdatenblätter/?filter[test]=hello"));

+        assertEquals("https://xn--bcher-kva.example/assets/produktdatenbl%C3%A4tter/?filter%5Btest%5D=hello", result);

+        URL url = URI.create(result).toURL();

+        assertEquals("https", url.getProtocol());

+        assertEquals("xn--bcher-kva.example", url.getHost());

+        assertEquals("/assets/produktdatenbl%C3%A4tter/", url.getPath());

+        assertEquals("filter%5Btest%5D=hello", url.getQuery());

+    }

+    

+    @Test

+    void invalid() {

+        String result = AbsoluteIris.toUri(AbsoluteIri.of("www.example.org/test"));

+        assertEquals("www.example.org/test", result);

+    }

+}