Add a flag for refresh rate switching

Some devices don't do refresh rate switching, so we should take that
into account when filtering display manager config settings and deciding
scheduling behavior.

This CL adds a sysprop that can be set to indicate if surface flinger
should do refresh rate switching, and modifies surface flinger to have
the correct behavior when we're not doing refresh rate switching.

Bug: 147233255
Bug: 136592946
Bug: 138261472

Test: Ran through various 60/90 switching scenarios on a device with
refresh rate switching.

Test: Set the refresh rate switching sysprop to false, and confirmed we
get a consistent 60Hz.

Test: Inspected dumpsys output and confirmed it looks correct. In
particular, refresh rate stats are output correctly.

Test: Ran automated tests: RefreshRateConfigsTest, RefreshRateStatsTest,
SchedulerTest.

Change-Id: I54cd5be9d2c1b9abc8475c3ce39846cbe9f9fe53
Merged-In: I54cd5be9d2c1b9abc8475c3ce39846cbe9f9fe53

18 files changed, 450 insertions, 494 deletions

diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp
index 8a2604f4a3..9fa2bbc96e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/PhaseOffsets.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ PhaseOffsets::PhaseOffsets() {
     highFpsOffsets.late = {RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE, highFpsLateSfOffsetNs,
                            highFpsLateAppOffsetNs};
 
-    mOffsets.insert({RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING, defaultOffsets});
     mOffsets.insert({RefreshRateType::DEFAULT, defaultOffsets});
     mOffsets.insert({RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE, highFpsOffsets});
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
index d7300583c3..d8137085dd 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h
@@ -34,10 +34,9 @@ namespace scheduler {
  */
 class RefreshRateConfigs {
 public:
-    // Enum to indicate which vsync rate to run at. Power saving is intended to be the lowest
-    // (eg. when the screen is in AOD mode or off), default is the old 60Hz, and performance
+    // Enum to indicate which vsync rate to run at. Default is the old 60Hz, and performance
     // is the new 90Hz. Eventually we want to have a way for vendors to map these in the configs.
-    enum class RefreshRateType { POWER_SAVING, DEFAULT, PERFORMANCE };
+    enum class RefreshRateType { DEFAULT, PERFORMANCE };
 
     struct RefreshRate {
         // This config ID corresponds to the position of the config in the vector that is stored
@@ -47,26 +46,57 @@ public:
         std::string name;
         // Refresh rate in frames per second, rounded to the nearest integer.
         uint32_t fps = 0;
-        // config Id (returned from HWC2::Display::Config::getId())
-        hwc2_config_t id;
+        // Vsync period in nanoseconds.
+        nsecs_t vsyncPeriod;
+        // Hwc config Id (returned from HWC2::Display::Config::getId())
+        hwc2_config_t hwcId;
     };
 
+    // Returns true if this device is doing refresh rate switching. This won't change at runtime.
+    bool refreshRateSwitchingSupported() const { return mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported; }
+
+    // Returns the refresh rate map. This map won't be modified at runtime, so it's safe to access
+    // from multiple threads. This can only be called if refreshRateSwitching() returns true.
     // TODO(b/122916473): Get this information from configs prepared by vendors, instead of
     // baking them in.
-    const std::map<RefreshRateType, std::shared_ptr<RefreshRate>>& getRefreshRates() const {
-        return mRefreshRates;
+    const std::map<RefreshRateType, RefreshRate>& getRefreshRateMap() const {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported);
+        return mRefreshRateMap;
     }
-    std::shared_ptr<RefreshRate> getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType type) const {
-        const auto& refreshRate = mRefreshRates.find(type);
-        if (refreshRate != mRefreshRates.end()) {
+
+    const RefreshRate& getRefreshRateFromType(RefreshRateType type) const {
+        if (!mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported) {
+            return getCurrentRefreshRate().second;
+        } else {
+            auto refreshRate = mRefreshRateMap.find(type);
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(refreshRate == mRefreshRateMap.end());
             return refreshRate->second;
         }
-        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    RefreshRateType getRefreshRateType(hwc2_config_t id) const {
-        for (const auto& [type, refreshRate] : mRefreshRates) {
-            if (refreshRate->id == id) {
+    std::pair<RefreshRateType, const RefreshRate&> getCurrentRefreshRate() const {
+        int currentConfig = mCurrentConfig;
+        if (mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported) {
+            for (const auto& [type, refresh] : mRefreshRateMap) {
+                if (refresh.configId == currentConfig) {
+                    return {type, refresh};
+                }
+            }
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL();
+        }
+        return {RefreshRateType::DEFAULT, mRefreshRates[currentConfig]};
+    }
+
+    const RefreshRate& getRefreshRateFromConfigId(int configId) const {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(configId >= mRefreshRates.size());
+        return mRefreshRates[configId];
+    }
+
+    RefreshRateType getRefreshRateTypeFromHwcConfigId(hwc2_config_t hwcId) const {
+        if (!mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported) return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
+
+        for (const auto& [type, refreshRate] : mRefreshRateMap) {
+            if (refreshRate.hwcId == hwcId) {
                 return type;
             }
         }
@@ -74,64 +104,102 @@ public:
         return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
     }
 
-    void populate(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>>& configs) {
-        mRefreshRates.clear();
+    void setCurrentConfig(int config) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(config >= mRefreshRates.size());
+        mCurrentConfig = config;
+    }
 
-        // This is the rate that HWC encapsulates right now when the device is in DOZE mode.
-        mRefreshRates.emplace(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING,
-                              std::make_shared<RefreshRate>(
-                                      RefreshRate{SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID, "ScreenOff", 0,
-                                                  HWC2_SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID}));
+    struct InputConfig {
+        hwc2_config_t hwcId = 0;
+        nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = 0;
+    };
 
-        if (configs.size() < 1) {
-            ALOGE("Device does not have valid configs. Config size is 0.");
-            return;
+    RefreshRateConfigs(bool refreshRateSwitching, const std::vector<InputConfig>& configs,
+                       int currentConfig) {
+        init(refreshRateSwitching, configs, currentConfig);
+    }
+
+    RefreshRateConfigs(bool refreshRateSwitching,
+                       const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>>& configs,
+                       int currentConfig) {
+        std::vector<InputConfig> inputConfigs;
+        for (const auto& config : configs) {
+            inputConfigs.push_back({config->getId(), config->getVsyncPeriod()});
         }
+        init(refreshRateSwitching, inputConfigs, currentConfig);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void init(bool refreshRateSwitching, const std::vector<InputConfig>& configs,
+              int currentConfig) {
+        mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported = refreshRateSwitching;
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(configs.empty());
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(currentConfig >= configs.size());
+        mCurrentConfig = currentConfig;
+
+        auto buildRefreshRate = [&](int configId) -> RefreshRate {
+            const nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = configs[configId].vsyncPeriod;
+            const float fps = 1e9 / vsyncPeriod;
+            return {configId, base::StringPrintf("%2.ffps", fps), static_cast<uint32_t>(fps),
+                    vsyncPeriod, configs[configId].hwcId};
+        };
 
-        // Create a map between config index and vsync period. This is all the info we need
-        // from the configs.
-        std::vector<std::pair<int, nsecs_t>> configIdToVsyncPeriod;
         for (int i = 0; i < configs.size(); ++i) {
-            configIdToVsyncPeriod.emplace_back(i, configs.at(i)->getVsyncPeriod());
+            mRefreshRates.push_back(buildRefreshRate(i));
         }
 
-        std::sort(configIdToVsyncPeriod.begin(), configIdToVsyncPeriod.end(),
-                  [](const std::pair<int, nsecs_t>& a, const std::pair<int, nsecs_t>& b) {
-                      return a.second > b.second;
-                  });
+        if (!mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported) return;
 
-        // When the configs are ordered by the resync rate. We assume that the first one is DEFAULT.
-        nsecs_t vsyncPeriod = configIdToVsyncPeriod[0].second;
-        if (vsyncPeriod != 0) {
-            const float fps = 1e9 / vsyncPeriod;
-            const int configId = configIdToVsyncPeriod[0].first;
-            mRefreshRates.emplace(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT,
-                                  std::make_shared<RefreshRate>(
-                                          RefreshRate{configId, base::StringPrintf("%2.ffps", fps),
-                                                      static_cast<uint32_t>(fps),
-                                                      configs.at(configId)->getId()}));
-        }
+        auto findDefaultAndPerfConfigs = [&]() -> std::optional<std::pair<int, int>> {
+            if (configs.size() < 2) {
+                return {};
+            }
 
-        if (configs.size() < 2) {
+            std::vector<const RefreshRate*> sortedRefreshRates;
+            for (const auto& refreshRate : mRefreshRates) {
+                sortedRefreshRates.push_back(&refreshRate);
+            }
+            std::sort(sortedRefreshRates.begin(), sortedRefreshRates.end(),
+                      [](const RefreshRate* refreshRate1, const RefreshRate* refreshRate2) {
+                          return refreshRate1->vsyncPeriod > refreshRate2->vsyncPeriod;
+                      });
+
+            // When the configs are ordered by the resync rate, we assume that
+            // the first one is DEFAULT and the second one is PERFORMANCE,
+            // i.e. the higher rate.
+            if (sortedRefreshRates[0]->vsyncPeriod == 0 ||
+                sortedRefreshRates[1]->vsyncPeriod == 0) {
+                return {};
+            }
+
+            return std::pair<int, int>(sortedRefreshRates[0]->configId,
+                                       sortedRefreshRates[1]->configId);
+        };
+
+        auto defaultAndPerfConfigs = findDefaultAndPerfConfigs();
+        if (!defaultAndPerfConfigs) {
+            mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported = false;
             return;
         }
 
-        // When the configs are ordered by the resync rate. We assume that the second one is
-        // PERFORMANCE, eg. the higher rate.
-        vsyncPeriod = configIdToVsyncPeriod[1].second;
-        if (vsyncPeriod != 0) {
-            const float fps = 1e9 / vsyncPeriod;
-            const int configId = configIdToVsyncPeriod[1].first;
-            mRefreshRates.emplace(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE,
-                                  std::make_shared<RefreshRate>(
-                                          RefreshRate{configId, base::StringPrintf("%2.ffps", fps),
-                                                      static_cast<uint32_t>(fps),
-                                                      configs.at(configId)->getId()}));
-        }
+        mRefreshRateMap[RefreshRateType::DEFAULT] = mRefreshRates[defaultAndPerfConfigs->first];
+        mRefreshRateMap[RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE] =
+                mRefreshRates[defaultAndPerfConfigs->second];
     }
 
-private:
-    std::map<RefreshRateType, std::shared_ptr<RefreshRate>> mRefreshRates;
+    // Whether this device is doing refresh rate switching or not. This must not change after this
+    // object is initialized.
+    bool mRefreshRateSwitchingSupported;
+    // The list of refresh rates, indexed by display config ID. This must not change after this
+    // object is initialized.
+    std::vector<RefreshRate> mRefreshRates;
+    // The mapping of refresh rate type to RefreshRate. This must not change after this object is
+    // initialized.
+    std::map<RefreshRateType, RefreshRate> mRefreshRateMap;
+    // The ID of the current config. This will change at runtime. This is set by SurfaceFlinger on
+    // the main thread, and read by the Scheduler (and other objects) on other threads, so it's
+    // atomic.
+    std::atomic<int> mCurrentConfig;
 };
 
 } // namespace scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
index 7e7c6307a4..947eb08d90 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h
@@ -41,21 +41,18 @@ class RefreshRateStats {
     static constexpr int64_t MS_PER_DAY = 24 * MS_PER_HOUR;
 
 public:
-    RefreshRateStats(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs, TimeStats& timeStats)
-          : mRefreshRateConfigs(refreshRateConfigs), mTimeStats(timeStats) {}
-
-    // Sets power mode. We only collect the information when the power mode is not
-    // HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL. When power mode is HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL, we collect the stats based
-    // on config mode.
+    RefreshRateStats(const RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfigs, TimeStats& timeStats,
+                     int currentConfigMode, int currentPowerMode)
+          : mRefreshRateConfigs(refreshRateConfigs),
+            mTimeStats(timeStats),
+            mCurrentConfigMode(currentConfigMode),
+            mCurrentPowerMode(currentPowerMode) {}
+
+    // Sets power mode.
     void setPowerMode(int mode) {
         if (mCurrentPowerMode == mode) {
             return;
         }
-        // If power mode is normal, the time is going to be recorded under config modes.
-        if (mode == HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL) {
-            mCurrentPowerMode = mode;
-            return;
-        }
         flushTime();
         mCurrentPowerMode = mode;
     }
@@ -79,16 +76,15 @@ public:
         flushTime();
 
         std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> totalTime;
-        for (const auto& [type, config] : mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates()) {
-            int64_t totalTimeForConfig = 0;
-            if (!config) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (mConfigModesTotalTime.find(config->configId) != mConfigModesTotalTime.end()) {
-                totalTimeForConfig = mConfigModesTotalTime.at(config->configId);
-            }
-            totalTime[config->name] = totalTimeForConfig;
+        // Multiple configs may map to the same name, e.g. "60fps". Add the
+        // times for such configs together.
+        for (const auto& [config, time] : mConfigModesTotalTime) {
+            totalTime[mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromConfigId(config).name] = 0;
+        }
+        for (const auto& [config, time] : mConfigModesTotalTime) {
+            totalTime[mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromConfigId(config).name] += time;
         }
+        totalTime["ScreenOff"] = mScreenOffTime;
         return totalTime;
     }
 
@@ -104,32 +100,26 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    void flushTime() {
-        // Normal power mode is counted under different config modes.
-        if (mCurrentPowerMode == HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL) {
-            flushTimeForMode(mCurrentConfigMode);
-        } else {
-            flushTimeForMode(SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID);
-        }
-    }
-
     // Calculates the time that passed in ms between the last time we recorded time and the time
     // this method was called.
-    void flushTimeForMode(int mode) {
+    void flushTime() {
         nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime();
         nsecs_t timeElapsed = currentTime - mPreviousRecordedTime;
         int64_t timeElapsedMs = ns2ms(timeElapsed);
         mPreviousRecordedTime = currentTime;
 
-        mConfigModesTotalTime[mode] += timeElapsedMs;
-        for (const auto& [type, config] : mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates()) {
-            if (!config) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (config->configId == mode) {
-                mTimeStats.recordRefreshRate(config->fps, timeElapsed);
+        uint32_t fps = 0;
+        if (mCurrentPowerMode == HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL) {
+            // Normal power mode is counted under different config modes.
+            if (mConfigModesTotalTime.find(mCurrentConfigMode) == mConfigModesTotalTime.end()) {
+                mConfigModesTotalTime[mCurrentConfigMode] = 0;
             }
+            mConfigModesTotalTime[mCurrentConfigMode] += timeElapsedMs;
+            fps = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromConfigId(mCurrentConfigMode).fps;
+        } else {
+            mScreenOffTime += timeElapsedMs;
         }
+        mTimeStats.recordRefreshRate(fps, timeElapsed);
     }
 
     // Formats the time in milliseconds into easy to read format.
@@ -149,10 +139,11 @@ private:
     // Aggregate refresh rate statistics for telemetry.
     TimeStats& mTimeStats;
 
-    int64_t mCurrentConfigMode = SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID;
-    int32_t mCurrentPowerMode = HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF;
+    int mCurrentConfigMode;
+    int32_t mCurrentPowerMode;
 
-    std::unordered_map<int /* power mode */, int64_t /* duration in ms */> mConfigModesTotalTime;
+    std::unordered_map<int /* config */, int64_t /* duration in ms */> mConfigModesTotalTime;
+    int64_t mScreenOffTime = 0;
 
     nsecs_t mPreviousRecordedTime = systemTime();
 };
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index f8bd95872c..0b43378394 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ Scheduler::~Scheduler() {
 
 sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> Scheduler::createConnection(
         const char* connectionName, nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs, nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync,
-        ResyncCallback resyncCallback,
         impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback interceptCallback) {
     const int64_t id = sNextId++;
     ALOGV("Creating a connection handle with ID: %" PRId64 "\n", id);
@@ -143,8 +142,7 @@ sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> Scheduler::createConnection(
                             offsetThresholdForNextVsync, std::move(interceptCallback));
 
     auto eventThreadConnection =
-            createConnectionInternal(eventThread.get(), std::move(resyncCallback),
-                                     ISurfaceComposer::eConfigChangedSuppress);
+            createConnectionInternal(eventThread.get(), ISurfaceComposer::eConfigChangedSuppress);
     mConnections.emplace(id,
                          std::make_unique<Connection>(new ConnectionHandle(id),
                                                       eventThreadConnection,
@@ -164,17 +162,15 @@ std::unique_ptr<EventThread> Scheduler::makeEventThread(
 }
 
 sp<EventThreadConnection> Scheduler::createConnectionInternal(
-        EventThread* eventThread, ResyncCallback&& resyncCallback,
-        ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged) {
-    return eventThread->createEventConnection(std::move(resyncCallback), configChanged);
+        EventThread* eventThread, ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged) {
+    return eventThread->createEventConnection([&] { resync(); }, configChanged);
 }
 
 sp<IDisplayEventConnection> Scheduler::createDisplayEventConnection(
-        const sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle>& handle, ResyncCallback resyncCallback,
+        const sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle>& handle,
         ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged) {
     RETURN_VALUE_IF_INVALID(nullptr);
-    return createConnectionInternal(mConnections[handle->id]->thread.get(),
-                                    std::move(resyncCallback), configChanged);
+    return createConnectionInternal(mConnections[handle->id]->thread.get(), configChanged);
 }
 
 EventThread* Scheduler::getEventThread(const sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle>& handle) {
@@ -264,23 +260,15 @@ void Scheduler::resyncToHardwareVsync(bool makeAvailable, nsecs_t period) {
     setVsyncPeriod(period);
 }
 
-ResyncCallback Scheduler::makeResyncCallback(GetVsyncPeriod&& getVsyncPeriod) {
-    std::weak_ptr<VsyncState> ptr = mPrimaryVsyncState;
-    return [ptr, getVsyncPeriod = std::move(getVsyncPeriod)]() {
-        if (const auto vsync = ptr.lock()) {
-            vsync->resync(getVsyncPeriod);
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-void Scheduler::VsyncState::resync(const GetVsyncPeriod& getVsyncPeriod) {
+void Scheduler::resync() {
     static constexpr nsecs_t kIgnoreDelay = ms2ns(750);
 
     const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
-    const nsecs_t last = lastResyncTime.exchange(now);
+    const nsecs_t last = mLastResyncTime.exchange(now);
 
     if (now - last > kIgnoreDelay) {
-        scheduler.resyncToHardwareVsync(false, getVsyncPeriod());
+        resyncToHardwareVsync(false,
+                              mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate().second.vsyncPeriod);
     }
 }
 
@@ -338,15 +326,19 @@ void Scheduler::dumpPrimaryDispSync(std::string& result) const {
 
 std::unique_ptr<scheduler::LayerHistory::LayerHandle> Scheduler::registerLayer(
         std::string const& name, int windowType) {
-    RefreshRateType refreshRateType = (windowType == InputWindowInfo::TYPE_WALLPAPER)
-            ? RefreshRateType::DEFAULT
-            : RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE;
-
-    const auto refreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(refreshRateType);
-    const uint32_t performanceFps = (refreshRate) ? refreshRate->fps : 0;
-
-    const auto defaultRefreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT);
-    const uint32_t defaultFps = (defaultRefreshRate) ? defaultRefreshRate->fps : 0;
+    uint32_t defaultFps, performanceFps;
+    if (mRefreshRateConfigs.refreshRateSwitchingSupported()) {
+        defaultFps = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromType(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT).fps;
+        performanceFps =
+                mRefreshRateConfigs
+                        .getRefreshRateFromType((windowType == InputWindowInfo::TYPE_WALLPAPER)
+                                                        ? RefreshRateType::DEFAULT
+                                                        : RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE)
+                        .fps;
+    } else {
+        defaultFps = mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate().second.fps;
+        performanceFps = defaultFps;
+    }
     return mLayerHistory.createLayer(name, defaultFps, performanceFps);
 }
 
@@ -398,17 +390,6 @@ void Scheduler::setChangeRefreshRateCallback(
     mChangeRefreshRateCallback = changeRefreshRateCallback;
 }
 
-void Scheduler::setGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback(
-        const GetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback&& getCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackLock);
-    mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback = getCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback;
-}
-
-void Scheduler::setGetVsyncPeriodCallback(const GetVsyncPeriod&& getVsyncPeriod) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackLock);
-    mGetVsyncPeriod = getVsyncPeriod;
-}
-
 void Scheduler::updateFrameSkipping(const int64_t skipCount) {
     ATRACE_INT("FrameSkipCount", skipCount);
     if (mSkipCount != skipCount) {
@@ -460,14 +441,12 @@ void Scheduler::resetTimerCallback() {
 
 void Scheduler::resetKernelTimerCallback() {
     ATRACE_INT("ExpiredKernelIdleTimer", 0);
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackLock);
-    if (mGetVsyncPeriod && mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback) {
+    const auto refreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate();
+    if (refreshRate.first == RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE) {
         // If we're not in performance mode then the kernel timer shouldn't do
         // anything, as the refresh rate during DPU power collapse will be the
         // same.
-        if (mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback() == Scheduler::RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE) {
-            resyncToHardwareVsync(true, mGetVsyncPeriod());
-        }
+        resyncToHardwareVsync(true, refreshRate.second.vsyncPeriod);
     }
 }
 
@@ -497,15 +476,13 @@ void Scheduler::expiredDisplayPowerTimerCallback() {
 }
 
 void Scheduler::expiredKernelTimerCallback() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackLock);
     ATRACE_INT("ExpiredKernelIdleTimer", 1);
-    if (mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback) {
-        if (mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback() != Scheduler::RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE) {
-            // Disable HW Vsync if the timer expired, as we don't need it
-            // enabled if we're not pushing frames, and if we're in PERFORMANCE
-            // mode then we'll need to re-update the DispSync model anyways.
-            disableHardwareVsync(false);
-        }
+    const auto refreshRate = mRefreshRateConfigs.getCurrentRefreshRate();
+    if (refreshRate.first != RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE) {
+        // Disable HW Vsync if the timer expired, as we don't need it
+        // enabled if we're not pushing frames, and if we're in PERFORMANCE
+        // mode then we'll need to re-update the DispSync model anyways.
+        disableHardwareVsync(false);
     }
 }
 
@@ -540,6 +517,10 @@ void Scheduler::handleTimerStateChanged(T* currentState, T newState, bool eventO
 }
 
 Scheduler::RefreshRateType Scheduler::calculateRefreshRateType() {
+    if (!mRefreshRateConfigs.refreshRateSwitchingSupported()) {
+        return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
+    }
+
     // HDR content is not supported on PERFORMANCE mode
     if (mForceHDRContentToDefaultRefreshRate && mIsHDRContent) {
         return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
@@ -567,16 +548,12 @@ Scheduler::RefreshRateType Scheduler::calculateRefreshRateType() {
     }
 
     // Content detection is on, find the appropriate refresh rate with minimal error
-    auto begin = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates().cbegin();
+    auto begin = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateMap().cbegin();
 
-    // Skip POWER_SAVING config as it is not a real config
-    if (begin->first == RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING) {
-        ++begin;
-    }
-    auto iter = min_element(begin, mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates().cend(),
+    auto iter = min_element(begin, mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateMap().cend(),
                             [rate = mContentRefreshRate](const auto& l, const auto& r) -> bool {
-                                return std::abs(l.second->fps - static_cast<float>(rate)) <
-                                        std::abs(r.second->fps - static_cast<float>(rate));
+                                return std::abs(l.second.fps - static_cast<float>(rate)) <
+                                        std::abs(r.second.fps - static_cast<float>(rate));
                             });
     RefreshRateType currRefreshRateType = iter->first;
 
@@ -584,11 +561,11 @@ Scheduler::RefreshRateType Scheduler::calculateRefreshRateType() {
     // 90Hz config. However we should still prefer a lower refresh rate if the content doesn't
     // align well with both
     constexpr float MARGIN = 0.05f;
-    float ratio = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(currRefreshRateType)->fps /
+    float ratio = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateFromType(currRefreshRateType).fps /
             float(mContentRefreshRate);
     if (std::abs(std::round(ratio) - ratio) > MARGIN) {
-        while (iter != mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates().cend()) {
-            ratio = iter->second->fps / float(mContentRefreshRate);
+        while (iter != mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateMap().cend()) {
+            ratio = iter->second.fps / float(mContentRefreshRate);
 
             if (std::abs(std::round(ratio) - ratio) <= MARGIN) {
                 currRefreshRateType = iter->first;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 38184570c1..4b21dadde9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     using RefreshRateType = scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::RefreshRateType;
-    using GetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback = std::function<RefreshRateType()>;
     using ChangeRefreshRateCallback = std::function<void(RefreshRateType, ConfigEvent)>;
-    using GetVsyncPeriod = std::function<nsecs_t()>;
 
     // Enum to indicate whether to start the transaction early, or at vsync time.
     enum class TransactionStart { EARLY, NORMAL };
@@ -81,16 +79,6 @@ public:
         const std::unique_ptr<EventThread> thread;
     };
 
-    // Stores per-display state about VSYNC.
-    struct VsyncState {
-        explicit VsyncState(Scheduler& scheduler) : scheduler(scheduler) {}
-
-        void resync(const GetVsyncPeriod&);
-
-        Scheduler& scheduler;
-        std::atomic<nsecs_t> lastResyncTime = 0;
-    };
-
     explicit Scheduler(impl::EventControlThread::SetVSyncEnabledFunction function,
                        const scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs& refreshRateConfig);
 
@@ -98,12 +86,11 @@ public:
 
     /** Creates an EventThread connection. */
     sp<ConnectionHandle> createConnection(const char* connectionName, nsecs_t phaseOffsetNs,
-                                          nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync, ResyncCallback,
+                                          nsecs_t offsetThresholdForNextVsync,
                                           impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback);
 
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> createDisplayEventConnection(
-            const sp<ConnectionHandle>& handle, ResyncCallback,
-            ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged);
+            const sp<ConnectionHandle>& handle, ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged);
 
     // Getter methods.
     EventThread* getEventThread(const sp<ConnectionHandle>& handle);
@@ -143,8 +130,7 @@ public:
     // no-op.
     // The period is the vsync period from the current display configuration.
     void resyncToHardwareVsync(bool makeAvailable, nsecs_t period);
-    // Creates a callback for resyncing.
-    ResyncCallback makeResyncCallback(GetVsyncPeriod&& getVsyncPeriod);
+    void resync();
     void setRefreshSkipCount(int count);
     // Passes a vsync sample to DispSync. periodFlushed will be true if
     // DispSync detected that the vsync period changed, and false otherwise.
@@ -167,9 +153,6 @@ public:
     void updateFpsBasedOnContent();
     // Callback that gets invoked when Scheduler wants to change the refresh rate.
     void setChangeRefreshRateCallback(const ChangeRefreshRateCallback&& changeRefreshRateCallback);
-    void setGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback(
-            const GetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback&& getCurrentRefreshRateType);
-    void setGetVsyncPeriodCallback(const GetVsyncPeriod&& getVsyncPeriod);
 
     // Returns whether idle timer is enabled or not
     bool isIdleTimerEnabled() { return mSetIdleTimerMs > 0; }
@@ -209,7 +192,7 @@ private:
     enum class DisplayPowerTimerState { EXPIRED, RESET };
 
     // Creates a connection on the given EventThread and forwards the given callbacks.
-    sp<EventThreadConnection> createConnectionInternal(EventThread*, ResyncCallback&&,
+    sp<EventThreadConnection> createConnectionInternal(EventThread*,
                                                        ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged);
 
     nsecs_t calculateAverage() const;
@@ -264,7 +247,8 @@ private:
     std::mutex mHWVsyncLock;
     bool mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled GUARDED_BY(mHWVsyncLock);
     bool mHWVsyncAvailable GUARDED_BY(mHWVsyncLock);
-    const std::shared_ptr<VsyncState> mPrimaryVsyncState{std::make_shared<VsyncState>(*this)};
+
+    std::atomic<nsecs_t> mLastResyncTime = 0;
 
     std::unique_ptr<DispSync> mPrimaryDispSync;
     std::unique_ptr<EventControlThread> mEventControlThread;
@@ -300,9 +284,7 @@ private:
     std::unique_ptr<scheduler::IdleTimer> mDisplayPowerTimer;
 
     std::mutex mCallbackLock;
-    GetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback mGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback GUARDED_BY(mCallbackLock);
     ChangeRefreshRateCallback mChangeRefreshRateCallback GUARDED_BY(mCallbackLock);
-    GetVsyncPeriod mGetVsyncPeriod GUARDED_BY(mCallbackLock);
 
     // In order to make sure that the features don't override themselves, we need a state machine
     // to keep track which feature requested the config change.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h
index ac10f83ad9..f193553ea3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/SchedulerUtils.h
@@ -30,12 +30,6 @@ using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 // about layers.
 static constexpr size_t ARRAY_SIZE = 30;
 
-// This number is used to have a place holder for when the screen is not NORMAL/ON. Currently
-// the config is not visible to SF, and is completely maintained by HWC. However, we would
-// still like to keep track of time when the device is in this config.
-static constexpr int SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID = -1;
-static constexpr uint32_t HWC2_SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID = 0xffffffff;
-
 // This number is used when we try to determine how long do we keep layer information around
 // before we remove it. It is also used to determine how long the layer stays relevant.
 // This time period captures infrequent updates when playing YouTube video with static image,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index 32748cffc2..fd7f128411 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -569,14 +569,16 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::bootFinished()
         readPersistentProperties();
         mBootStage = BootStage::FINISHED;
 
-        // set the refresh rate according to the policy
-        const auto& performanceRefreshRate =
-                mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE);
+        if (mRefreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported()) {
+            // set the refresh rate according to the policy
+            const auto& performanceRefreshRate =
+                    mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromType(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE);
 
-        if (performanceRefreshRate && isDisplayConfigAllowed(performanceRefreshRate->configId)) {
-            setRefreshRateTo(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::None);
-        } else {
-            setRefreshRateTo(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::None);
+            if (isDisplayConfigAllowed(performanceRefreshRate.configId)) {
+                setRefreshRateTo(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::None);
+            } else {
+                setRefreshRateTo(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::None);
+            }
         }
     }));
 }
@@ -619,32 +621,6 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::init() {
     ALOGI("Phase offset NS: %" PRId64 "", mPhaseOffsets->getCurrentAppOffset());
 
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
-    // start the EventThread
-    mScheduler =
-            getFactory().createScheduler([this](bool enabled) { setPrimaryVsyncEnabled(enabled); },
-                                         mRefreshRateConfigs);
-    auto resyncCallback =
-            mScheduler->makeResyncCallback(std::bind(&SurfaceFlinger::getVsyncPeriod, this));
-
-    mAppConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->createConnection("app", mVsyncModulator.getOffsets().app,
-                                         mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(),
-                                         resyncCallback,
-                                         impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback());
-    mSfConnectionHandle =
-            mScheduler->createConnection("sf", mVsyncModulator.getOffsets().sf,
-                                         mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(),
-                                         resyncCallback, [this](nsecs_t timestamp) {
-                                             mInterceptor->saveVSyncEvent(timestamp);
-                                         });
-
-    mEventQueue->setEventConnection(mScheduler->getEventConnection(mSfConnectionHandle));
-    mVsyncModulator.setSchedulerAndHandles(mScheduler.get(), mAppConnectionHandle.get(),
-                                           mSfConnectionHandle.get());
-
-    mRegionSamplingThread =
-            new RegionSamplingThread(*this, *mScheduler,
-                                     RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
 
     // Get a RenderEngine for the given display / config (can't fail)
     int32_t renderEngineFeature = 0;
@@ -715,37 +691,6 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::init() {
         ALOGE("Run StartPropertySetThread failed!");
     }
 
-    mScheduler->setChangeRefreshRateCallback(
-            [this](RefreshRateType type, Scheduler::ConfigEvent event) {
-                Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-                setRefreshRateTo(type, event);
-            });
-    mScheduler->setGetCurrentRefreshRateTypeCallback([this] {
-        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        const auto display = getDefaultDisplayDeviceLocked();
-        if (!display) {
-            // If we don't have a default display the fallback to the default
-            // refresh rate type
-            return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
-        }
-
-        const int configId = display->getActiveConfig();
-        for (const auto& [type, refresh] : mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates()) {
-            if (refresh && refresh->configId == configId) {
-                return type;
-            }
-        }
-        // This should never happen, but just gracefully fallback to default.
-        return RefreshRateType::DEFAULT;
-    });
-    mScheduler->setGetVsyncPeriodCallback([this] {
-        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        return getVsyncPeriod();
-    });
-
-    mRefreshRateConfigs.populate(getHwComposer().getConfigs(*display->getId()));
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(getHwComposer().getActiveConfigIndex(*display->getId()));
-
     ALOGV("Done initializing");
 }
 
@@ -899,7 +844,8 @@ status_t SurfaceFlinger::getDisplayConfigs(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken,
         info.xdpi = xdpi;
         info.ydpi = ydpi;
         info.fps = 1e9 / hwConfig->getVsyncPeriod();
-        const auto refreshRateType = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRateType(hwConfig->getId());
+        const auto refreshRateType =
+                mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateTypeFromHwcConfigId(hwConfig->getId());
         const auto offset = mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetsForRefreshRate(refreshRateType);
         info.appVsyncOffset = offset.late.app;
 
@@ -1001,7 +947,8 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::setActiveConfigInternal() {
     }
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mActiveConfigLock);
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId);
+    mRefreshRateConfigs->setCurrentConfig(mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId);
 
     display->setActiveConfig(mUpcomingActiveConfig.configId);
 
@@ -1280,9 +1227,6 @@ status_t SurfaceFlinger::enableVSyncInjections(bool enable) {
             return;
         }
 
-        auto resyncCallback =
-                mScheduler->makeResyncCallback(std::bind(&SurfaceFlinger::getVsyncPeriod, this));
-
         // TODO(b/128863962): Part of the Injector should be refactored, so that it
         // can be passed to Scheduler.
         if (enable) {
@@ -1294,11 +1238,11 @@ status_t SurfaceFlinger::enableVSyncInjections(bool enable) {
                                            impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback(),
                                            "injEventThread");
             }
-            mEventQueue->setEventThread(mInjectorEventThread.get(), std::move(resyncCallback));
+            mEventQueue->setEventThread(mInjectorEventThread.get(), [&] { mScheduler->resync(); });
         } else {
             ALOGV("VSync Injections disabled");
             mEventQueue->setEventThread(mScheduler->getEventThread(mSfConnectionHandle),
-                                        std::move(resyncCallback));
+                                        [&] { mScheduler->resync(); });
         }
 
         mInjectVSyncs = enable;
@@ -1409,16 +1353,10 @@ status_t SurfaceFlinger::notifyPowerHint(int32_t hintId) {
 
 sp<IDisplayEventConnection> SurfaceFlinger::createDisplayEventConnection(
         ISurfaceComposer::VsyncSource vsyncSource, ISurfaceComposer::ConfigChanged configChanged) {
-    auto resyncCallback = mScheduler->makeResyncCallback([this] {
-        Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        return getVsyncPeriod();
-    });
-
     const auto& handle =
             vsyncSource == eVsyncSourceSurfaceFlinger ? mSfConnectionHandle : mAppConnectionHandle;
 
-    return mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(handle, std::move(resyncCallback),
-                                                    configChanged);
+    return mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(handle, configChanged);
 }
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1515,13 +1453,8 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::setRefreshRateTo(RefreshRateType refreshRate, Scheduler::Co
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     // Don't do any updating if the current fps is the same as the new one.
-    const auto& refreshRateConfig = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(refreshRate);
-    if (!refreshRateConfig) {
-        ALOGV("Skipping refresh rate change request for unsupported rate.");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const int desiredConfigId = refreshRateConfig->configId;
+    const auto& refreshRateConfig = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromType(refreshRate);
+    const int desiredConfigId = refreshRateConfig.configId;
 
     if (!isDisplayConfigAllowed(desiredConfigId)) {
         ALOGV("Skipping config %d as it is not part of allowed configs", desiredConfigId);
@@ -2626,6 +2559,9 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::processDisplayHotplugEventsLocked() {
         if (event.connection == HWC2::Connection::Connected) {
             if (!mPhysicalDisplayTokens.count(info->id)) {
                 ALOGV("Creating display %s", to_string(info->id).c_str());
+                if (event.hwcDisplayId == getHwComposer().getInternalHwcDisplayId()) {
+                    initScheduler(info->id);
+                }
                 mPhysicalDisplayTokens[info->id] = new BBinder();
                 DisplayDeviceState state;
                 state.displayId = info->id;
@@ -3071,6 +3007,55 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::latchAndReleaseBuffer(const sp<Layer>& layer) {
     layer->releasePendingBuffer(systemTime());
 }
 
+void SurfaceFlinger::initScheduler(DisplayId primaryDisplayId) {
+    if (mScheduler) {
+        // In practice it's not allowed to hotplug in/out the primary display once it's been
+        // connected during startup, but some tests do it, so just warn and return.
+        ALOGW("Can't re-init scheduler");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int currentConfig = getHwComposer().getActiveConfigIndex(primaryDisplayId);
+    mRefreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(refresh_rate_switching(false),
+                                                            getHwComposer().getConfigs(
+                                                                    primaryDisplayId),
+                                                            currentConfig);
+    mRefreshRateStats =
+            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mRefreshRateConfigs, *mTimeStats,
+                                                          currentConfig, HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(currentConfig);
+
+    // start the EventThread
+    mScheduler =
+            getFactory().createScheduler([this](bool enabled) { setPrimaryVsyncEnabled(enabled); },
+                                         *mRefreshRateConfigs);
+    mAppConnectionHandle =
+            mScheduler->createConnection("app", mVsyncModulator.getOffsets().app,
+                                         mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(),
+                                         impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback());
+    mSfConnectionHandle =
+            mScheduler->createConnection("sf", mVsyncModulator.getOffsets().sf,
+                                         mPhaseOffsets->getOffsetThresholdForNextVsync(),
+                                         [this](nsecs_t timestamp) {
+                                             mInterceptor->saveVSyncEvent(timestamp);
+                                         });
+
+    mEventQueue->setEventConnection(mScheduler->getEventConnection(mSfConnectionHandle));
+    mVsyncModulator.setSchedulerAndHandles(mScheduler.get(), mAppConnectionHandle.get(),
+                                           mSfConnectionHandle.get());
+
+    mRegionSamplingThread =
+            new RegionSamplingThread(*this, *mScheduler,
+                                     RegionSamplingThread::EnvironmentTimingTunables());
+
+    mScheduler->setChangeRefreshRateCallback(
+            [this](RefreshRateType type, Scheduler::ConfigEvent event) {
+                Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
+                setRefreshRateTo(type, event);
+            });
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::commitTransaction()
 {
     if (!mLayersPendingRemoval.isEmpty()) {
@@ -4583,7 +4568,7 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::setPowerModeInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display, int
 
     if (display->isPrimary()) {
         mTimeStats->setPowerMode(mode);
-        mRefreshRateStats.setPowerMode(mode);
+        mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(mode);
         mScheduler->setDisplayPowerState(mode == HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
     }
 
@@ -4751,15 +4736,14 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::dumpVSync(std::string& result) const {
                   mUseSmart90ForVideo ? "on" : "off");
     StringAppendF(&result, "Allowed Display Configs: ");
     for (int32_t configId : mAllowedDisplayConfigs) {
-        for (auto refresh : mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates()) {
-            if (refresh.second && refresh.second->configId == configId) {
-                StringAppendF(&result, "%dHz, ", refresh.second->fps);
-            }
-        }
+        StringAppendF(&result, "%" PRIu32 " Hz, ",
+                      mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromConfigId(configId).fps);
     }
     StringAppendF(&result, "(config override by backdoor: %s)\n\n",
                   mDebugDisplayConfigSetByBackdoor ? "yes" : "no");
     mScheduler->dump(mAppConnectionHandle, result);
+    StringAppendF(&result, "+  Refresh rate switching: %s\n",
+                  mRefreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported() ? "on" : "off");
 }
 
 void SurfaceFlinger::dumpStaticScreenStats(std::string& result) const {
@@ -5124,7 +5108,7 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::dumpAllLocked(const DumpArgs& args, std::string& result) co
     result.append("\nScheduler state:\n");
     result.append(mScheduler->doDump() + "\n");
     StringAppendF(&result, "+  Smart video mode: %s\n\n", mUseSmart90ForVideo ? "on" : "off");
-    result.append(mRefreshRateStats.doDump() + "\n");
+    result.append(mRefreshRateStats->doDump() + "\n");
 
     result.append(mTimeStats->miniDump());
     result.append("\n");
@@ -5595,7 +5579,8 @@ status_t SurfaceFlinger::onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* r
             case 1034: {
                 // TODO(b/129297325): expose this via developer menu option
                 n = data.readInt32();
-                if (n && !mRefreshRateOverlay) {
+                if (n && !mRefreshRateOverlay &&
+                    mRefreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported()) {
                     RefreshRateType type;
                     {
                         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mActiveConfigLock);
@@ -6173,25 +6158,6 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::traverseLayersInDisplay(const sp<const DisplayDevice>& disp
     }
 }
 
-void SurfaceFlinger::setPreferredDisplayConfig() {
-    const auto& type = mScheduler->getPreferredRefreshRateType();
-    const auto& config = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRate(type);
-    if (config && isDisplayConfigAllowed(config->configId)) {
-        ALOGV("switching to Scheduler preferred config %d", config->configId);
-        setDesiredActiveConfig({type, config->configId, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed});
-    } else {
-        // Set the highest allowed config by iterating backwards on available refresh rates
-        const auto& refreshRates = mRefreshRateConfigs.getRefreshRates();
-        for (auto iter = refreshRates.crbegin(); iter != refreshRates.crend(); ++iter) {
-            if (iter->second && isDisplayConfigAllowed(iter->second->configId)) {
-                ALOGV("switching to allowed config %d", iter->second->configId);
-                setDesiredActiveConfig({iter->first, iter->second->configId,
-                        Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed});
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 void SurfaceFlinger::setAllowedDisplayConfigsInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display,
                                                       const std::vector<int32_t>& allowedConfigs) {
     if (!display->isPrimary()) {
@@ -6213,7 +6179,29 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::setAllowedDisplayConfigsInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& d
     mScheduler->onConfigChanged(mAppConnectionHandle, display->getId()->value,
                                 display->getActiveConfig());
 
-    setPreferredDisplayConfig();
+    if (mRefreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported()) {
+        const auto& type = mScheduler->getPreferredRefreshRateType();
+        const auto& config = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromType(type);
+        if (isDisplayConfigAllowed(config.configId)) {
+            ALOGV("switching to Scheduler preferred config %d", config.configId);
+            setDesiredActiveConfig({type, config.configId, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed});
+        } else {
+            // Set the highest allowed config by iterating backwards on available refresh rates
+            const auto& refreshRates = mRefreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateMap();
+            for (auto iter = refreshRates.crbegin(); iter != refreshRates.crend(); ++iter) {
+                if (isDisplayConfigAllowed(iter->second.configId)) {
+                    ALOGV("switching to allowed config %d", iter->second.configId);
+                    setDesiredActiveConfig(
+                            {iter->first, iter->second.configId, Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed});
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (!isDisplayConfigAllowed(display->getActiveConfig())) {
+        ALOGV("switching to config %d", allowedConfigs[0]);
+        setDesiredActiveConfig(
+                {RefreshRateType::DEFAULT, allowedConfigs[0], Scheduler::ConfigEvent::Changed});
+    }
 }
 
 status_t SurfaceFlinger::setAllowedDisplayConfigs(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index 9744862172..a22d6fc649 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -534,9 +534,6 @@ private:
     // called on the main thread in response to setPowerMode()
     void setPowerModeInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display, int mode) REQUIRES(mStateLock);
 
-    // Query the Scheduler or allowed display configs list for a matching config, and set it
-    void setPreferredDisplayConfig() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
-
     // called on the main thread in response to setAllowedDisplayConfigs()
     void setAllowedDisplayConfigsInternal(const sp<DisplayDevice>& display,
                                           const std::vector<int32_t>& allowedConfigs)
@@ -558,6 +555,7 @@ private:
     void commitInputWindowCommands() REQUIRES(mStateLock);
     void setInputWindowsFinished();
     void updateCursorAsync();
+    void initScheduler(DisplayId primaryDisplayId);
 
     /* handlePageFlip - latch a new buffer if available and compute the dirty
      * region. Returns whether a new buffer has been latched, i.e., whether it
@@ -1135,8 +1133,8 @@ private:
     sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> mAppConnectionHandle;
     sp<Scheduler::ConnectionHandle> mSfConnectionHandle;
 
-    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs mRefreshRateConfigs;
-    scheduler::RefreshRateStats mRefreshRateStats{mRefreshRateConfigs, *mTimeStats};
+    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs;
+    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateStats> mRefreshRateStats;
 
     // All configs are allowed if the set is empty.
     using DisplayConfigs = std::set<int32_t>;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp
index 768074a6cd..b4716eb61e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.cpp
@@ -226,6 +226,14 @@ int64_t color_space_agnostic_dataspace(Dataspace defaultValue) {
     return static_cast<int64_t>(defaultValue);
 }
 
+bool refresh_rate_switching(bool defaultValue) {
+    auto temp = SurfaceFlingerProperties::refresh_rate_switching();
+    if (temp.has_value()) {
+        return *temp;
+    }
+    return defaultValue;
+}
+
 int32_t set_idle_timer_ms(int32_t defaultValue) {
     auto temp = SurfaceFlingerProperties::set_idle_timer_ms();
     if (temp.has_value()) {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h
index 5f88322f71..e394ccab7b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlingerProperties.h
@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ int32_t wcg_composition_pixel_format(
 int64_t color_space_agnostic_dataspace(
         android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::Dataspace defaultValue);
 
+bool refresh_rate_switching(bool defaultValue);
+
 int32_t set_idle_timer_ms(int32_t defaultValue);
 
 int32_t set_touch_timer_ms(int32_t defaultValue);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop
index 74baf37731..000f21c545 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/SurfaceFlingerProperties.sysprop
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 module: "android.sysprop.SurfaceFlingerProperties"
 owner: Platform
 
-# The following two propertiess define (respectively):
+# The following two properties define (respectively):
 #
 # - The phase offset between hardware vsync and when apps are woken up by the
 #   Choreographer callback
@@ -301,6 +301,18 @@ prop {
     prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.display_primary_white"
 }
 
+# refreshRateSwitching indicates whether SurfaceFlinger should use refresh rate
+# switching on the device, e.g. to switch between 60 and 90 Hz. The settings
+# below that are related to refresh rate switching will only have an effect if
+# refresh_rate_switching is enabled.
+prop {
+    api_name: "refresh_rate_switching"
+    type: Boolean
+    scope: System
+    access: Readonly
+    prop_name: "ro.surface_flinger.refresh_rate_switching"
+}
+
 # setIdleTimerMs indicates what is considered a timeout in milliseconds for Scheduler. This value is
 # used by the Scheduler to trigger inactivity callbacks that will switch the display to a lower
 # refresh rate. Setting this property to 0 means there is no timer.
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/system-current.txt b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/system-current.txt
index 79854b36a2..2e804c8a31 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/sysprop/api/system-current.txt
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package android.sysprop {
     method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Long> max_virtual_display_dimension();
     method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Long> present_time_offset_from_vsync_ns();
     method public static java.util.Optional<android.sysprop.SurfaceFlingerProperties.primary_display_orientation_values> primary_display_orientation();
+    method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Boolean> refresh_rate_switching();
     method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Boolean> running_without_sync_framework();
     method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Integer> set_display_power_timer_ms();
     method public static java.util.Optional<java.lang.Integer> set_idle_timer_ms();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
index 4f8ed1ae1c..349dd3f2f1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/CompositionTest.cpp
@@ -125,7 +125,17 @@ public:
     }
 
     void setupScheduler() {
-        mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs());
+        std::vector<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig> configs{{/*hwcId=*/0, 16666667}};
+        mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs() =
+                std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(/*refreshRateSwitching=*/false,
+                                                                configs,
+                                                                /*currentConfig=*/0);
+        mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateStats() =
+                std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs(),
+                                                              *mFlinger.mutableTimeStats(),
+                                                              /*currentConfig=*/0,
+                                                              /*powerMode=*/HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF);
+        mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(*mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs());
         mScheduler->mutableEventControlThread().reset(mEventControlThread);
         mScheduler->mutablePrimaryDispSync().reset(mPrimaryDispSync);
         EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread.get(), registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
index 5f58e7dce9..f40996eecf 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/DisplayTransactionTest.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <ui/DebugUtils.h>
 
 #include "DisplayIdentificationTest.h"
+#include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "TestableScheduler.h"
 #include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
@@ -179,7 +180,16 @@ DisplayTransactionTest::~DisplayTransactionTest() {
 }
 
 void DisplayTransactionTest::setupScheduler() {
-    mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs());
+    std::vector<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig> configs{{/*hwcId=*/0, 16666667}};
+    mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs() =
+            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(/*refreshRateSwitching=*/false, configs,
+                                                            /*currentConfig=*/0);
+    mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateStats() =
+            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateStats>(*mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs(),
+                                                          *mFlinger.mutableTimeStats(),
+                                                          /*currentConfig=*/0,
+                                                          /*powerMode=*/HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF);
+    mScheduler = new TestableScheduler(*mFlinger.mutableRefreshRateConfigs());
     mScheduler->mutableEventControlThread().reset(mEventControlThread);
     mScheduler->mutablePrimaryDispSync().reset(mPrimaryDispSync);
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_));
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
index 5067fe890b..f315a8a86c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateConfigsTest.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 
 #include "DisplayHardware/HWC2.h"
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
-#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplay.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using testing::_;
@@ -50,9 +49,8 @@ protected:
         ASSERT_EQ(left.configId, right.configId);
         ASSERT_EQ(left.name, right.name);
         ASSERT_EQ(left.fps, right.fps);
+        ASSERT_EQ(left.vsyncPeriod, right.vsyncPeriod);
     }
-
-    RefreshRateConfigs mConfigs;
 };
 
 RefreshRateConfigsTest::RefreshRateConfigsTest() {
@@ -71,101 +69,39 @@ namespace {
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Test cases
  */
-TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, zeroDeviceConfigs_storesPowerSavingConfig) {
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> displayConfigs;
-    mConfigs.populate(displayConfigs);
-
-    // We always store a configuration for screen off.
-    const auto& rates = mConfigs.getRefreshRates();
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, rates.size());
-    const auto& powerSavingRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING);
-    ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), powerSavingRate);
-    ASSERT_EQ(rates.end(), rates.find(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
-    ASSERT_EQ(rates.end(), rates.find(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-
-    RefreshRate expectedConfig =
-            RefreshRate{SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID, "ScreenOff", 0, HWC2_SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedConfig, *powerSavingRate->second);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedConfig, *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-
-    // Sanity check that getRefreshRate() does not modify the underlying configs.
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, mConfigs.getRefreshRates().size());
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, oneDeviceConfig_isRejected) {
+    std::vector<RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig> configs{{HWC2_CONFIG_ID_60, VSYNC_60}};
+    auto refreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(/*refreshRateSwitching=*/true, configs,
+                                                 /*currentConfig=*/0);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(refreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported());
 }
 
-TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, oneDeviceConfig_storesDefaultConfig) {
-    auto display = new Hwc2::mock::Display();
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> displayConfigs;
-    auto config60 = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_60);
-    config60.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_60);
-    displayConfigs.push_back(config60.build());
-    mConfigs.populate(displayConfigs);
+TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, twoDeviceConfigs_storesFullRefreshRateMap) {
+    std::vector<RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig> configs{{HWC2_CONFIG_ID_60, VSYNC_60},
+                                                         {HWC2_CONFIG_ID_90, VSYNC_90}};
+    auto refreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(/*refreshRateSwitching=*/true, configs,
+                                                 /*currentConfig=*/0);
 
-    const auto& rates = mConfigs.getRefreshRates();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(refreshRateConfigs->refreshRateSwitchingSupported());
+    const auto& rates = refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateMap();
     ASSERT_EQ(2, rates.size());
-    const auto& powerSavingRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING);
-    const auto& defaultRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT);
-    ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), powerSavingRate);
-    ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), defaultRate);
-    ASSERT_EQ(rates.end(), rates.find(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
-
-    RefreshRate expectedPowerSavingConfig =
-            RefreshRate{SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID, "ScreenOff", 0, HWC2_SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedPowerSavingConfig, *powerSavingRate->second);
-    RefreshRate expectedDefaultConfig = RefreshRate{CONFIG_ID_60, "60fps", 60, HWC2_CONFIG_ID_60};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig, *defaultRate->second);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedPowerSavingConfig,
-                     *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig, *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
-
-    // Sanity check that getRefreshRate() does not modify the underlying configs.
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, mConfigs.getRefreshRates().size());
-}
-
-TEST_F(RefreshRateConfigsTest, twoDeviceConfigs_storesPerformanceConfig) {
-    auto display = new Hwc2::mock::Display();
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> displayConfigs;
-    auto config60 = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_60);
-    config60.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_60);
-    displayConfigs.push_back(config60.build());
-    auto config90 = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_90);
-    config90.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_90);
-    displayConfigs.push_back(config90.build());
-    mConfigs.populate(displayConfigs);
-
-    const auto& rates = mConfigs.getRefreshRates();
-    ASSERT_EQ(3, rates.size());
-    const auto& powerSavingRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING);
     const auto& defaultRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT);
     const auto& performanceRate = rates.find(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE);
-    ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), powerSavingRate);
     ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), defaultRate);
     ASSERT_NE(rates.end(), performanceRate);
 
-    RefreshRate expectedPowerSavingConfig =
-            RefreshRate{SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID, "ScreenOff", 0, HWC2_SCREEN_OFF_CONFIG_ID};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedPowerSavingConfig, *powerSavingRate->second);
-    RefreshRate expectedDefaultConfig = RefreshRate{CONFIG_ID_60, "60fps", 60, HWC2_CONFIG_ID_60};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig, *defaultRate->second);
-    RefreshRate expectedPerformanceConfig =
-            RefreshRate{CONFIG_ID_90, "90fps", 90, HWC2_CONFIG_ID_90};
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedPerformanceConfig, *performanceRate->second);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedPowerSavingConfig,
-                     *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::POWER_SAVING));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig, *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
+    RefreshRate expectedDefaultConfig = {CONFIG_ID_60, "60fps", 60, VSYNC_60, HWC2_CONFIG_ID_60};
+    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig, defaultRate->second);
+    RefreshRate expectedPerformanceConfig = {CONFIG_ID_90, "90fps", 90, VSYNC_90,
+                                             HWC2_CONFIG_ID_90};
+    assertRatesEqual(expectedPerformanceConfig, performanceRate->second);
+
+    assertRatesEqual(expectedDefaultConfig,
+                     refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromType(RefreshRateType::DEFAULT));
     assertRatesEqual(expectedPerformanceConfig,
-                     *mConfigs.getRefreshRate(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
+                     refreshRateConfigs->getRefreshRateFromType(RefreshRateType::PERFORMANCE));
 }
 } // namespace
 } // namespace scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
index 411ec61770..cec0b32a6b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/RefreshRateStatsTest.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <thread>
 
 #include "Scheduler/RefreshRateStats.h"
-#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockDisplay.h"
 #include "mock/MockTimeStats.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
@@ -42,9 +41,18 @@ protected:
     RefreshRateStatsTest();
     ~RefreshRateStatsTest();
 
+    void init(const std::vector<RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig>& configs) {
+        mRefreshRateConfigs = std::make_unique<RefreshRateConfigs>(
+                /*refreshRateSwitching=*/true, configs, /*currentConfig=*/0);
+        mRefreshRateStats =
+                std::make_unique<RefreshRateStats>(*mRefreshRateConfigs, mTimeStats,
+                                                   /*currentConfig=*/0,
+                                                   /*currentPowerMode=*/HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF);
+    }
+
     mock::TimeStats mTimeStats;
-    RefreshRateConfigs mRefreshRateConfigs;
-    RefreshRateStats mRefreshRateStats{mRefreshRateConfigs, mTimeStats};
+    std::unique_ptr<RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs;
+    std::unique_ptr<RefreshRateStats> mRefreshRateStats;
 };
 
 RefreshRateStatsTest::RefreshRateStatsTest() {
@@ -63,63 +71,46 @@ namespace {
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Test cases
  */
-TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, canCreateAndDestroyTest) {
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> configs;
-    mRefreshRateConfigs.populate(configs);
-
-    // There is one default config, so the refresh rates should have one item.
-    EXPECT_EQ(1, mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes().size());
-}
-
 TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, oneConfigTest) {
-    auto display = new Hwc2::mock::Display();
-
-    auto config = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_90);
-    config.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_90);
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> configs;
-    configs.push_back(config.build());
-
-    mRefreshRateConfigs.populate(configs);
+    init({{CONFIG_ID_90, VSYNC_90}});
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(0, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(90, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
 
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(2, times.size());
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, times.size());
     EXPECT_NE(0u, times.count("ScreenOff"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(1u, times.count("90fps"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, times["90fps"]);
     // Setting up tests on mobile harness can be flaky with time passing, so testing for
     // exact time changes can result in flaxy numbers. To avoid that remember old
     // numbers to make sure the correct values are increasing in the next test.
     int screenOff = times["ScreenOff"];
-    int ninety = times["90fps"];
 
     // Screen is off by default.
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, times["90fps"]);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, times.count("90fps"));
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
-    mRefreshRateStats.setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_LT(ninety, times["90fps"]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("90fps"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0, times["90fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE);
-    ninety = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE);
+    int ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     // Because the power mode is not HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL, switching the config
     // does not update refresh rates that come from the config.
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
@@ -127,93 +118,75 @@ TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, oneConfigTest) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(RefreshRateStatsTest, twoConfigsTest) {
-    auto display = new Hwc2::mock::Display();
-
-    auto config90 = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_90);
-    config90.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_90);
-    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<const HWC2::Display::Config>> configs;
-    configs.push_back(config90.build());
-
-    auto config60 = HWC2::Display::Config::Builder(*display, CONFIG_ID_60);
-    config60.setVsyncPeriod(VSYNC_60);
-    configs.push_back(config60.build());
-
-    mRefreshRateConfigs.populate(configs);
+    init({{CONFIG_ID_90, VSYNC_90}, {CONFIG_ID_60, VSYNC_60}});
 
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(0, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(60, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
     EXPECT_CALL(mTimeStats, recordRefreshRate(90, _)).Times(AtLeast(1));
 
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
-    EXPECT_EQ(3, times.size());
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, int64_t> times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, times.size());
     EXPECT_NE(0u, times.count("ScreenOff"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(1u, times.count("60fps"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, times["60fps"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(1u, times.count("90fps"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, times["90fps"]);
     // Setting up tests on mobile harness can be flaky with time passing, so testing for
     // exact time changes can result in flaxy numbers. To avoid that remember old
     // numbers to make sure the correct values are increasing in the next test.
     int screenOff = times["ScreenOff"];
-    int sixty = times["60fps"];
-    int ninety = times["90fps"];
 
     // Screen is off by default.
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60fps"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
-    mRefreshRateStats.setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
-    EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60fps"]);
-    EXPECT_LT(ninety, times["90fps"]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("90fps"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0, times["90fps"]);
 
     // When power mode is normal, time for configs updates.
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
-    ninety = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
+    int ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
-    EXPECT_LT(sixty, times["60fps"]);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, times.count("60fps"));
+    EXPECT_LT(0, times["60fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
-    sixty = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["60fps"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
+    int sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["60fps"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_LT(ninety, times["90fps"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
-    ninety = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
+    ninety = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["90fps"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_EQ(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
     EXPECT_LT(sixty, times["60fps"]);
 
     // Because the power mode is not HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL, switching the config
     // does not update refresh rates that come from the config.
-    mRefreshRateStats.setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE);
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
-    sixty = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["60fps"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE);
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_90);
+    sixty = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["60fps"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60fps"]);
 
-    mRefreshRateStats.setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
-    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
+    mRefreshRateStats->setConfigMode(CONFIG_ID_60);
+    screenOff = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes()["ScreenOff"];
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2));
-    times = mRefreshRateStats.getTotalTimes();
+    times = mRefreshRateStats->getTotalTimes();
     EXPECT_LT(screenOff, times["ScreenOff"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(ninety, times["90fps"]);
     EXPECT_EQ(sixty, times["60fps"]);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index 740115ea32..571fdfd9fc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
 #include <log/log.h>
 
 #include <mutex>
 
 #include "Scheduler/EventControlThread.h"
 #include "Scheduler/EventThread.h"
+#include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "Scheduler/Scheduler.h"
 #include "mock/MockEventThread.h"
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ protected:
         MOCK_METHOD0(requestNextVsync, void());
     };
 
-    scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs mRefreshRateConfigs;
+    std::unique_ptr<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs> mRefreshRateConfigs;
 
     /**
      * This mock Scheduler class uses implementation of mock::EventThread but keeps everything else
@@ -73,9 +73,14 @@ SchedulerTest::SchedulerTest() {
             ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
     ALOGD("**** Setting up for %s.%s\n", test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name());
 
+    std::vector<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs::InputConfig> configs{{/*hwcId=*/0, 16666667}};
+    mRefreshRateConfigs =
+            std::make_unique<scheduler::RefreshRateConfigs>(/*refreshRateSwitching=*/false, configs,
+                                                            /*currentConfig=*/0);
+
     std::unique_ptr<mock::EventThread> eventThread = std::make_unique<mock::EventThread>();
     mEventThread = eventThread.get();
-    mScheduler = std::make_unique<MockScheduler>(mRefreshRateConfigs, std::move(eventThread));
+    mScheduler = std::make_unique<MockScheduler>(*mRefreshRateConfigs, std::move(eventThread));
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, registerDisplayEventConnection(_)).WillOnce(Return(0));
 
     mEventThreadConnection = new MockEventThreadConnection(mEventThread);
@@ -85,7 +90,7 @@ SchedulerTest::SchedulerTest() {
     EXPECT_CALL(*mEventThread, createEventConnection(_, _))
             .WillRepeatedly(Return(mEventThreadConnection));
 
-    mConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection("appConnection", 16, 16, ResyncCallback(),
+    mConnectionHandle = mScheduler->createConnection("appConnection", 16, 16,
                                                      impl::EventThread::InterceptVSyncsCallback());
     EXPECT_TRUE(mConnectionHandle != nullptr);
 }
@@ -107,7 +112,7 @@ TEST_F(SchedulerTest, testNullPtr) {
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> returnedValue;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             returnedValue =
-                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(nullptr, ResyncCallback(),
+                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(nullptr,
                                                              ISurfaceComposer::
                                                                      eConfigChangedSuppress));
     EXPECT_TRUE(returnedValue == nullptr);
@@ -130,7 +135,7 @@ TEST_F(SchedulerTest, invalidConnectionHandle) {
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> returnedValue;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             returnedValue =
-                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(connectionHandle, ResyncCallback(),
+                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(connectionHandle,
                                                              ISurfaceComposer::
                                                                      eConfigChangedSuppress));
     EXPECT_TRUE(returnedValue == nullptr);
@@ -161,7 +166,7 @@ TEST_F(SchedulerTest, validConnectionHandle) {
     sp<IDisplayEventConnection> returnedValue;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             returnedValue =
-                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(mConnectionHandle, ResyncCallback(),
+                    mScheduler->createDisplayEventConnection(mConnectionHandle,
                                                              ISurfaceComposer::
                                                                      eConfigChangedSuppress));
     EXPECT_TRUE(returnedValue != nullptr);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index 64d34ee102..1c1b0201d9 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@
 #include "Layer.h"
 #include "NativeWindowSurface.h"
 #include "Scheduler/MessageQueue.h"
+#include "Scheduler/RefreshRateConfigs.h"
 #include "StartPropertySetThread.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlinger.h"
 #include "SurfaceFlingerFactory.h"
 #include "SurfaceInterceptor.h"
-
 #include "TimeStats/TimeStats.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -342,6 +342,8 @@ public:
     auto& mutableAppConnectionHandle() { return mFlinger->mAppConnectionHandle; }
     auto& mutableSfConnectionHandle() { return mFlinger->mSfConnectionHandle; }
     auto& mutableRefreshRateConfigs() { return mFlinger->mRefreshRateConfigs; }
+    auto& mutableRefreshRateStats() { return mFlinger->mRefreshRateStats; }
+    auto& mutableTimeStats() { return mFlinger->mTimeStats; }
 
     ~TestableSurfaceFlinger() {
         // All these pointer and container clears help ensure that GMock does